LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - piv - PIV.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: plumed test coverage Lines: 438 618 70.9 %
Date: 2026-03-30 13:16:06 Functions: 6 8 75.0 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /* +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
       2             : Copyright (c) 2017 of Pipolo Silvio and Fabio Pietrucci.
       3             : 
       4             : The piv module is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
       5             : it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
       6             : the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
       7             : (at your option) any later version.
       8             : 
       9             : The piv module is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
      10             : but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      11             : MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
      12             : GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
      13             : 
      14             : You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
      15             : along with plumed.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
      16             : +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ */
      17             : #include "colvar/Colvar.h"
      18             : #include "colvar/ActionRegister.h"
      19             : #include "core/PlumedMain.h"
      20             : #include "core/ActionWithVirtualAtom.h"
      21             : #include "tools/NeighborList.h"
      22             : #include "tools/SwitchingFunction.h"
      23             : #include "tools/PDB.h"
      24             : #include "tools/Pbc.h"
      25             : #include "tools/Stopwatch.h"
      26             : #include "core/ActionSet.h"
      27             : 
      28             : #include <string>
      29             : #include <cmath>
      30             : #include <iostream>
      31             : 
      32             : using namespace std;
      33             : 
      34             : namespace PLMD {
      35             : namespace piv {
      36             : 
      37             : //+PLUMEDOC PIVMOD_COLVAR PIV
      38             : /*
      39             : Calculates the PIV-distance.
      40             : 
      41             : PIV distance is the squared Cartesian distance between the PIV \cite gallet2013structural \cite pipolo2017navigating
      42             : associated to the configuration of the system during the dynamics and a reference configuration provided
      43             : as input (PDB file format).
      44             : PIV can be used together with \ref FUNCPATHMSD to define a path in the PIV space.
      45             : 
      46             : \par Examples
      47             : 
      48             : The following example calculates PIV-distances from three reference configurations in Ref1.pdb, Ref2.pdb and Ref3.pdb
      49             : and prints the results in a file named colvar.
      50             : Three atoms (PIVATOMS=3) with names (pdb file) A B and C are used to construct the PIV and all PIV blocks (AA, BB, CC, AB, AC, BC) are considered.
      51             : SFACTOR is a scaling factor that multiplies the contribution to the PIV-distance given by the single PIV block.
      52             : NLIST sets the use of neighbor lists for calculating atom-atom distances.
      53             : The SWITCH keyword specifies the parameters of the switching function that transforms atom-atom distances.
      54             : SORT=1 means that the PIV block elements are sorted (SORT=0 no sorting.)
      55             : Values for SORT, SFACTOR and the neighbor list parameters have to be specified for each block.
      56             : The order is the following: AA,BB,CC,AB,AC,BC. If ONLYDIRECT (ONLYCROSS) is used the order is AA,BB,CC (AB,AC,BC).
      57             : The sorting operation within each PIV block is performed using the counting sort algorithm, PRECISION specifies the size of the counting array.
      58             : 
      59             : \plumedfile
      60             : PIV ...
      61             : LABEL=Pivd1
      62             : PRECISION=1000
      63             : NLIST
      64             : REF_FILE=Ref1.pdb
      65             : PIVATOMS=3
      66             : ATOMTYPES=A,B,C
      67             : SFACTOR=0.3,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.2,0.2
      68             : SORT=1,1,1,1,1,1
      69             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
      70             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      71             : SWITCH3={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      72             : SWITCH4={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      73             : SWITCH5={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      74             : SWITCH6={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      75             : NL_CUTOFF=0.8,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7
      76             : NL_STRIDE=10,10,10,10,10,10
      77             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
      78             : ... PIV
      79             : PIV ...
      80             : LABEL=Pivd2
      81             : PRECISION=1000
      82             : NLIST
      83             : REF_FILE=Ref2.pdb
      84             : PIVATOMS=3
      85             : ATOMTYPES=A,B,C
      86             : SFACTOR=0.3,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.2,0.2
      87             : SORT=1,1,1,1,1,1
      88             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
      89             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      90             : SWITCH3={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
      91             : SWITCH4={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      92             : SWITCH5={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      93             : SWITCH6={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
      94             : NL_CUTOFF=0.8,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7
      95             : NL_STRIDE=10,10,10,10,10,10
      96             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
      97             : ... PIV
      98             : PIV ...
      99             : LABEL=Pivd3
     100             : PRECISION=1000
     101             : NLIST
     102             : REF_FILE=Ref3.pdb
     103             : PIVATOMS=3
     104             : ATOMTYPES=A,B,C
     105             : SFACTOR=0.3,0.5,1.0,0.2,0.2,0.2
     106             : SORT=1,1,1,1,1,1
     107             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
     108             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
     109             : SWITCH3={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
     110             : SWITCH4={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
     111             : SWITCH5={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
     112             : SWITCH6={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=12 NN=6}
     113             : NL_CUTOFF=0.8,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7
     114             : NL_STRIDE=10,10,10,10,10,10
     115             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
     116             : ... PIV
     117             : 
     118             : PRINT ARG=Pivd1,Pivd2,Pivd3 FILE=colvar
     119             : \endplumedfile
     120             : 
     121             : WARNING:
     122             : Both the "CRYST" and "ATOM" lines of the PDB files must conform precisely to the official pdb format, including the width of each alphanumerical field:
     123             : 
     124             : \verbatim
     125             : CRYST1   31.028   36.957   23.143  89.93  92.31  89.99 P 1           1
     126             : ATOM      1  OW1 wate    1      15.630  19.750   1.520  1.00  0.00
     127             : \endverbatim
     128             : 
     129             : In each pdb frame, atoms must be numbered in the same order and with the same element symbol as in the input of the MD program.
     130             : 
     131             : The following example calculates the PIV-distances from two reference configurations Ref1.pdb and Ref2.pdb
     132             : and uses PIV-distances to define a Path Collective Variable (\ref FUNCPATHMSD) with only two references (Ref1.pdb and Ref2.pdb).
     133             : With the VOLUME keyword one scales the atom-atom distances by the cubic root of the ratio between the specified value and the box volume of the initial step of the trajectory file.
     134             : 
     135             : \plumedfile
     136             : PIV ...
     137             : LABEL=c1
     138             : PRECISION=1000
     139             : VOLUME=12.15
     140             : NLIST
     141             : REF_FILE=Ref1.pdb
     142             : PIVATOMS=2
     143             : ATOMTYPES=A,B
     144             : ONLYDIRECT
     145             : SFACTOR=1.0,0.2
     146             : SORT=1,1
     147             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
     148             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.5 MM=10 NN=5}
     149             : NL_CUTOFF=1.2,1.2
     150             : NL_STRIDE=10,10
     151             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1
     152             : ... PIV
     153             : PIV ...
     154             : LABEL=c2
     155             : PRECISION=1000
     156             : VOLUME=12.15
     157             : NLIST
     158             : REF_FILE=Ref2.pdb
     159             : PIVATOMS=2
     160             : ATOMTYPES=A,B
     161             : ONLYDIRECT
     162             : SFACTOR=1.0,0.2
     163             : SORT=1,1
     164             : SWITCH1={RATIONAL R_0=0.6 MM=12 NN=4}
     165             : SWITCH2={RATIONAL R_0=0.4 MM=10 NN=5}
     166             : NL_CUTOFF=1.2,1.2
     167             : NL_STRIDE=10,10
     168             : NL_SKIN=0.1,0.1
     169             : ... PIV
     170             : 
     171             : p1: FUNCPATHMSD ARG=c1,c2 LAMBDA=0.180338
     172             : METAD ARG=p1.s,p1.z SIGMA=0.01,0.2 HEIGHT=0.8 PACE=500   LABEL=res
     173             : PRINT ARG=c1,c2,p1.s,p1.z,res.bias STRIDE=500  FILE=colvar FMT=%15.6f
     174             : \endplumedfile
     175             : 
     176             : When using PIV please cite \cite pipolo2017navigating .
     177             : 
     178             : (See also \ref PRINT)
     179             : 
     180             : */
     181             : //+ENDPLUMEDOC
     182             : 
     183             : class PIV      : public Colvar {
     184             : private:
     185             :   bool pbc, serial, timer;
     186             :   ForwardDecl<Stopwatch> stopwatch_fwd;
     187             :   Stopwatch& stopwatch=*stopwatch_fwd;
     188             :   int updatePIV;
     189             :   size_t Nprec;
     190             :   unsigned Natm,Nlist,NLsize;
     191             :   double Fvol,Vol0,m_PIVdistance;
     192             :   std::string ref_file;
     193             :   std::unique_ptr<NeighborList> nlall;
     194             :   std::vector<SwitchingFunction> sfs;
     195             :   std::vector<std:: vector<double> > rPIV;
     196             :   std::vector<double> scaling,r00;
     197             :   std::vector<double> nl_skin;
     198             :   std::vector<double> fmass;
     199             :   std::vector<bool> dosort;
     200             :   std::vector<Vector> compos;
     201             :   std::vector<string> sw;
     202             :   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<NeighborList>> nl;
     203             :   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<NeighborList>> nlcom;
     204             :   std::vector<Vector> m_deriv;
     205             :   Tensor m_virial;
     206             :   bool Svol,cross,direct,doneigh,test,CompDer,com;
     207             : 
     208             :   /// Local structure, used to store data that should be
     209             :   /// shared across multiple PIV instances
     210           6 :   struct SharedData {
     211             :     int prev_stp=-1;
     212             :     int init_stp=1;
     213             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<Vector> > prev_pos;
     214             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<double> > cPIV;
     215             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > Atom0;
     216             :     std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > Atom1;
     217             :   };
     218             :   /// Owning pointer. Will only be allocated by the first PIV instance
     219             :   std::unique_ptr<SharedData> sharedData_unique;
     220             :   /// Raw pointer. Will have the same value for all PIV instances
     221             :   SharedData* sharedData=nullptr;
     222             : 
     223             : public:
     224             :   static void registerKeywords( Keywords& keys );
     225             :   explicit PIV(const ActionOptions&);
     226             :   // active methods:
     227             :   virtual void calculate();
     228           0 :   void checkFieldsAllowed() {}
     229             : };
     230             : 
     231       13809 : PLUMED_REGISTER_ACTION(PIV,"PIV")
     232             : 
     233          16 : void PIV::registerKeywords( Keywords& keys ) {
     234          16 :   Colvar::registerKeywords( keys );
     235          32 :   keys.add("numbered","SWITCH","The switching functions parameter."
     236             :            "You should specify a Switching function for all PIV blocks."
     237             :            "Details of the various switching "
     238             :            "functions you can use are provided on \\ref switchingfunction.");
     239          32 :   keys.add("compulsory","PRECISION","the precision for approximating reals with integers in sorting.");
     240          32 :   keys.add("compulsory","REF_FILE","PDB file name that contains the \\f$i\\f$th reference structure.");
     241          32 :   keys.add("compulsory","PIVATOMS","Number of atoms to use for PIV.");
     242          32 :   keys.add("compulsory","SORT","Whether to sort or not the PIV block.");
     243          32 :   keys.add("compulsory","ATOMTYPES","The atom types to use for PIV.");
     244          32 :   keys.add("optional","SFACTOR","Scale the PIV-distance by such block-specific factor");
     245          32 :   keys.add("optional","VOLUME","Scale atom-atom distances by the cubic root of the cell volume. The input volume is used to scale the R_0 value of the switching function. ");
     246          32 :   keys.add("optional","UPDATEPIV","Frequency (in steps) at which the PIV is updated.");
     247          32 :   keys.addFlag("TEST",false,"Print the actual and reference PIV and exit");
     248          32 :   keys.addFlag("COM",false,"Use centers of mass of groups of atoms instead of atoms as specified in the Pdb file");
     249          32 :   keys.addFlag("ONLYCROSS",false,"Use only cross-terms (A-B, A-C, B-C, ...) in PIV");
     250          32 :   keys.addFlag("ONLYDIRECT",false,"Use only direct-terms (A-A, B-B, C-C, ...) in PIV");
     251          32 :   keys.addFlag("DERIVATIVES",false,"Activate the calculation of the PIV for every class (needed for numerical derivatives).");
     252          32 :   keys.addFlag("NLIST",false,"Use a neighbor list for distance calculations.");
     253          32 :   keys.addFlag("SERIAL",false,"Perform the calculation in serial - for debug purpose");
     254          32 :   keys.addFlag("TIMER",false,"Perform timing analysis on heavy loops.");
     255          32 :   keys.add("optional","NL_CUTOFF","Neighbor lists cutoff.");
     256          32 :   keys.add("optional","NL_STRIDE","Update neighbor lists every NL_STRIDE steps.");
     257          32 :   keys.add("optional","NL_SKIN","The maximum atom displacement tolerated for the neighbor lists update.");
     258          32 :   keys.reset_style("SWITCH","compulsory");
     259          16 : }
     260             : 
     261          12 : PIV::PIV(const ActionOptions&ao):
     262             :   PLUMED_COLVAR_INIT(ao),
     263          12 :   pbc(true),
     264          12 :   serial(false),
     265          12 :   timer(false),
     266          12 :   updatePIV(1),
     267          12 :   Nprec(1000),
     268          12 :   Natm(1),
     269          12 :   Nlist(1),
     270          12 :   NLsize(1),
     271          12 :   Fvol(1.),
     272          12 :   Vol0(0.),
     273          12 :   m_PIVdistance(0.),
     274          12 :   rPIV(std:: vector<std:: vector<double> >(Nlist)),
     275          12 :   scaling(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     276          12 :   r00(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     277          12 :   nl_skin(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     278          12 :   fmass(std:: vector<double>(Nlist)),
     279          12 :   dosort(std:: vector<bool>(Nlist)),
     280          12 :   compos(std:: vector<Vector>(NLsize)),
     281          12 :   sw(std:: vector<string>(Nlist)),
     282          12 :   nl(Nlist),
     283          12 :   nlcom(NLsize),
     284          12 :   m_deriv(std:: vector<Vector>(1)),
     285          12 :   Svol(false),
     286          12 :   cross(true),
     287          12 :   direct(true),
     288          12 :   doneigh(false),
     289          12 :   test(false),
     290          12 :   CompDer(false),
     291          24 :   com(false) {
     292          12 :   log << "Starting PIV Constructor\n";
     293             : 
     294             :   {
     295             :     // look for another PIV instance previously allocated
     296          12 :     auto* previous=plumed.getActionSet().selectLatest<PIV*>(this);
     297             : 
     298             :     // Uncommenting the following line, it is possible to force
     299             :     // a separate object per instance of the PIB object.
     300             :     // Results are unaffected, but performance is worse.
     301             :     // I think this is the expected behavior. GB
     302             :     // previous=nullptr;
     303             : 
     304          12 :     if(!previous) {
     305             :       // if not found, allocate the shared data struct
     306          12 :       sharedData_unique=Tools::make_unique<SharedData>();
     307             :       // then set the raw pointer
     308           6 :       sharedData=sharedData_unique.get();
     309             :     } else {
     310             :       // if found, use the previous raw pointer
     311           6 :       sharedData=previous->sharedData;
     312           6 :       log << "(a previous PIV action was found)\n";
     313             :     }
     314             :   }
     315             : 
     316             :   // Precision on the real-to-integer transformation for the sorting
     317          12 :   parse("PRECISION",Nprec);
     318          12 :   if(Nprec<2) {
     319           0 :     error("Precision must be => 2");
     320             :   }
     321             : 
     322             :   // PBC
     323          12 :   bool nopbc=!pbc;
     324          12 :   parseFlag("NOPBC",nopbc);
     325          12 :   pbc=!nopbc;
     326          12 :   if(pbc) {
     327          12 :     log << "Using Periodic Boundary Conditions\n";
     328             :   } else  {
     329           0 :     log << "Isolated System (NO PBC)\n";
     330             :   }
     331             : 
     332             :   // SERIAL/PARALLEL
     333          12 :   parseFlag("SERIAL",serial);
     334          12 :   if(serial) {
     335           0 :     log << "Serial PIV construction\n";
     336             :   } else     {
     337          12 :     log << "Parallel PIV construction\n";
     338             :   }
     339             : 
     340             :   // Derivatives
     341          12 :   parseFlag("DERIVATIVES",CompDer);
     342          12 :   if(CompDer) {
     343           6 :     log << "Computing Derivatives\n";
     344             :   }
     345             : 
     346             :   // Timing
     347          12 :   parseFlag("TIMER",timer);
     348          12 :   if(timer) {
     349           1 :     log << "Timing analysis\n";
     350           1 :     stopwatch.start();
     351           1 :     stopwatch.pause();
     352             :   }
     353             : 
     354             :   // Test
     355          12 :   parseFlag("TEST",test);
     356             : 
     357             :   // UPDATEPIV
     358          24 :   if(keywords.exists("UPDATEPIV")) {
     359          24 :     parse("UPDATEPIV",updatePIV);
     360             :   }
     361             : 
     362             :   // Test
     363          12 :   parseFlag("COM",com);
     364          12 :   if(com) {
     365           0 :     log << "Building PIV using COMs\n";
     366             :   }
     367             : 
     368             :   // Volume Scaling
     369          12 :   parse("VOLUME",Vol0);
     370          12 :   if (Vol0>0) {
     371          12 :     Svol=true;
     372             :   }
     373             : 
     374             :   // PIV direct and cross blocks
     375          12 :   bool oc=false,od=false;
     376          12 :   parseFlag("ONLYCROSS",oc);
     377          12 :   parseFlag("ONLYDIRECT",od);
     378          12 :   if (oc&&od) {
     379           0 :     error("ONLYCROSS and ONLYDIRECT are incompatible options!");
     380             :   }
     381          12 :   if(oc) {
     382           4 :     direct=false;
     383           4 :     log << "Using only CROSS-PIV blocks\n";
     384             :   }
     385          12 :   if(od) {
     386           4 :     cross=false;
     387           4 :     log << "Using only DIRECT-PIV blocks\n";
     388             :   }
     389             : 
     390             :   // Atoms for PIV
     391          12 :   parse("PIVATOMS",Natm);
     392          12 :   std:: vector<string> atype(Natm);
     393          12 :   parseVector("ATOMTYPES",atype);
     394             :   //if(atype.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && atype.size()!=0) error("not enough values for ATOMTYPES");
     395             : 
     396             :   // Reference PDB file
     397          12 :   parse("REF_FILE",ref_file);
     398          12 :   PDB mypdb;
     399          12 :   FILE* fp=fopen(ref_file.c_str(),"r");
     400          12 :   if (fp!=NULL) {
     401          12 :     log<<"Opening PDB file with reference frame: "<<ref_file.c_str()<<"\n";
     402          24 :     mypdb.readFromFilepointer(fp,plumed.getAtoms().usingNaturalUnits(),0.1/atoms.getUnits().getLength());
     403          12 :     fclose (fp);
     404             :   } else {
     405           0 :     error("Error in reference PDB file");
     406             :   }
     407             : 
     408             :   // Build COM/Atom lists of AtomNumbers (this might be done in PBC.cpp)
     409             :   // Atomlist or Plist used to build pair lists
     410          12 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<AtomNumber> > Plist(Natm);
     411             :   // Atomlist used to build list of atoms for each COM
     412          12 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<AtomNumber> > comatm(1);
     413             :   // NLsize is the number of atoms in the pdb cell
     414          12 :   NLsize=mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size();
     415             :   // In the following P stands for Point (either an Atom or a COM)
     416             :   unsigned resnum=0;
     417             :   // Presind (array size: number of residues) contains the contains the residue number
     418             :   //   this is because the residue numbers may not always be ordered from 1 to resnum
     419             :   std:: vector<unsigned> Presind;
     420             :   // Build Presind
     421       19404 :   for (unsigned i=0; i<mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size(); i++) {
     422       19392 :     unsigned rind=mypdb.getResidueNumber(mypdb.getAtomNumbers()[i]);
     423             :     bool oldres=false;
     424     7705008 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Presind.size(); j++) {
     425     7685616 :       if(rind==Presind[j]) {
     426             :         oldres=true;
     427             :       }
     428             :     }
     429       19392 :     if(!oldres) {
     430        4848 :       Presind.push_back(rind);
     431             :     }
     432             :   }
     433          12 :   resnum=Presind.size();
     434             : 
     435             :   // Pind0 is the atom/COM used in Nlists (for COM Pind0 is the first atom in the pdb belonging to that COM)
     436             :   unsigned Pind0size;
     437          12 :   if(com) {
     438             :     Pind0size=resnum;
     439             :   } else {
     440          12 :     Pind0size=NLsize;
     441             :   }
     442          12 :   std:: vector<unsigned> Pind0(Pind0size);
     443             :   // If COM resize important arrays
     444          12 :   comatm.resize(NLsize);
     445          12 :   if(com) {
     446           0 :     nlcom.resize(NLsize);
     447           0 :     compos.resize(NLsize);
     448           0 :     fmass.resize(NLsize,0.);
     449             :   }
     450          12 :   log << "Total COM/Atoms: " << Natm*resnum << " \n";
     451             :   // Build lists of Atoms/COMs for NLists
     452             :   //   comatm filled also for non_COM calculation for analysis purposes
     453          36 :   for (unsigned j=0; j<Natm; j++) {
     454             :     unsigned oind;
     455       38808 :     for (unsigned i=0; i<Pind0.size(); i++) {
     456       38784 :       Pind0[i]=0;
     457             :     }
     458       38808 :     for (unsigned i=0; i<mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size(); i++) {
     459             :       // Residue/Atom AtomNumber: used to build NL for COMS/Atoms pairs.
     460       38784 :       AtomNumber anum=mypdb.getAtomNumbers()[i];
     461             :       // ResidueName/Atomname associated to atom
     462       38784 :       string rname=mypdb.getResidueName(anum);
     463       38784 :       string aname=mypdb.getAtomName(anum);
     464             :       // Index associated to residue/atom: used to separate COM-lists
     465       38784 :       unsigned rind=mypdb.getResidueNumber(anum);
     466             :       unsigned aind=anum.index();
     467             :       // This builds lists for NL
     468             :       string Pname;
     469             :       unsigned Pind;
     470       38784 :       if(com) {
     471             :         Pname=rname;
     472           0 :         for(unsigned l=0; l<resnum; l++) {
     473           0 :           if(rind==Presind[l]) {
     474             :             Pind=l;
     475             :           }
     476             :         }
     477             :       } else {
     478             :         Pname=aname;
     479             :         Pind=aind;
     480             :       }
     481       38784 :       if(Pname==atype[j]) {
     482       14544 :         if(Pind0[Pind]==0) {
     483             :           // adding the atomnumber to the atom/COM list for pairs
     484       14544 :           Plist[j].push_back(anum);
     485       14544 :           Pind0[Pind]=aind+1;
     486             :           oind=Pind;
     487             :         }
     488             :         // adding the atomnumber to list of atoms for every COM/Atoms
     489       14544 :         comatm[Pind0[Pind]-1].push_back(anum);
     490             :       }
     491             :     }
     492             :     // Output Lists
     493          24 :     log << "  Groups of type  " << j << ": " << Plist[j].size() << " \n";
     494             :     string gname;
     495             :     unsigned gsize;
     496          24 :     if(com) {
     497           0 :       gname=mypdb.getResidueName(comatm[Pind0[oind]-1][0]);
     498           0 :       gsize=comatm[Pind0[oind]-1].size();
     499             :     } else {
     500          48 :       gname=mypdb.getAtomName(comatm[Pind0[oind]-1][0]);
     501             :       gsize=1;
     502             :     }
     503          24 :     log.printf("    %6s %3s %13s %10i %6s\n", "type  ", gname.c_str(),"   containing ",gsize," atoms");
     504             :   }
     505             : 
     506             :   // This is to build the list with all the atoms
     507             :   std:: vector<AtomNumber> listall;
     508       19404 :   for (unsigned i=0; i<mypdb.getAtomNumbers().size(); i++) {
     509       19392 :     listall.push_back(mypdb.getAtomNumbers()[i]);
     510             :   }
     511             : 
     512             :   // PIV blocks and Neighbour Lists
     513          12 :   Nlist=0;
     514             :   // Direct adds the A-A ad B-B blocks (N)
     515          12 :   if(direct) {
     516           8 :     Nlist=Nlist+unsigned(Natm);
     517             :   }
     518             :   // Cross adds the A-B blocks (N*(N-1)/2)
     519          12 :   if(cross) {
     520           8 :     Nlist=Nlist+unsigned(double(Natm*(Natm-1))/2.);
     521             :   }
     522             :   // Resize vectors according to Nlist
     523          12 :   rPIV.resize(Nlist);
     524             : 
     525             :   // PIV scaled option
     526          12 :   scaling.resize(Nlist);
     527          36 :   for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     528          24 :     scaling[j]=1.;
     529             :   }
     530          24 :   if(keywords.exists("SFACTOR")) {
     531          24 :     parseVector("SFACTOR",scaling);
     532             :     //if(scaling.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && scaling.size()!=0) error("not enough values for SFACTOR");
     533             :   }
     534             :   // Neighbour Lists option
     535          12 :   parseFlag("NLIST",doneigh);
     536          12 :   nl.resize(Nlist);
     537          12 :   nl_skin.resize(Nlist);
     538          12 :   if(doneigh) {
     539          12 :     std:: vector<double> nl_cut(Nlist,0.);
     540          12 :     std:: vector<int> nl_st(Nlist,0);
     541          12 :     parseVector("NL_CUTOFF",nl_cut);
     542             :     //if(nl_cut.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && nl_cut.size()!=0) error("not enough values for NL_CUTOFF");
     543          12 :     parseVector("NL_STRIDE",nl_st);
     544             :     //if(nl_st.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && nl_st.size()!=0) error("not enough values for NL_STRIDE");
     545          12 :     parseVector("NL_SKIN",nl_skin);
     546             :     //if(nl_skin.size()!=getNumberOfArguments() && nl_skin.size()!=0) error("not enough values for NL_SKIN");
     547          36 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     548          24 :       if(nl_cut[j]<=0.0) {
     549           0 :         error("NL_CUTOFF should be explicitly specified and positive");
     550             :       }
     551          24 :       if(nl_st[j]<=0) {
     552           0 :         error("NL_STRIDE should be explicitly specified and positive");
     553             :       }
     554          24 :       if(nl_skin[j]<=0.) {
     555           0 :         error("NL_SKIN should be explicitly specified and positive");
     556             :       }
     557          24 :       nl_cut[j]=nl_cut[j]+nl_skin[j];
     558             :     }
     559          12 :     log << "Creating Neighbor Lists \n";
     560             :     // WARNING: is nl_cut meaningful here?
     561          24 :     nlall= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(listall,true,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[0],nl_st[0]);
     562          12 :     if(com) {
     563             :       //Build lists of Atoms for every COM
     564           0 :       for (unsigned i=0; i<compos.size(); i++) {
     565             :         // WARNING: is nl_cut meaningful here?
     566           0 :         nlcom[i] = Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(comatm[i],true,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[0],nl_st[0]);
     567             :       }
     568             :     }
     569             :     unsigned ncnt=0;
     570             :     // Direct blocks AA, BB, CC, ...
     571          12 :     if(direct) {
     572          24 :       for (unsigned j=0; j<Natm; j++) {
     573          16 :         nl[ncnt]= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(Plist[j],true,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[j],nl_st[j]);
     574          16 :         ncnt+=1;
     575             :       }
     576             :     }
     577             :     // Cross blocks AB, AC, BC, ...
     578          12 :     if(cross) {
     579          24 :       for (unsigned j=0; j<Natm; j++) {
     580          24 :         for (unsigned i=j+1; i<Natm; i++) {
     581          16 :           nl[ncnt]= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(Plist[i],Plist[j],true,false,pbc,getPbc(),comm,nl_cut[ncnt],nl_st[ncnt]);
     582           8 :           ncnt+=1;
     583             :         }
     584             :       }
     585             :     }
     586             :   } else {
     587           0 :     log << "WARNING: Neighbor List not activated this has not been tested!!  \n";
     588           0 :     nlall= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(listall,true,pbc,getPbc(),comm);
     589           0 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     590           0 :       nl[j]= Tools::make_unique<NeighborList>(Plist[j],Plist[j],true,true,pbc,getPbc(),comm);
     591             :     }
     592             :   }
     593             :   // Output Nlist
     594          12 :   log << "Total Nlists: " << Nlist << " \n";
     595          36 :   for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     596          24 :     log << "  list " << j+1 << "   size " << nl[j]->size() << " \n";
     597             :   }
     598             :   // Calculate COM masses once and for all from lists
     599          12 :   if(com) {
     600           0 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<compos.size(); j++) {
     601             :       double commass=0.;
     602           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     603           0 :         unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     604           0 :         commass+=mypdb.getOccupancy()[andx];
     605             :       }
     606           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     607           0 :         unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     608           0 :         if(commass>0.) {
     609           0 :           fmass[andx]=mypdb.getOccupancy()[andx]/commass;
     610             :         } else {
     611           0 :           fmass[andx]=1.;
     612             :         }
     613             :       }
     614             :     }
     615             :   }
     616             : 
     617             :   // Sorting
     618          12 :   dosort.resize(Nlist);
     619          12 :   std:: vector<int> ynsort(Nlist);
     620          12 :   parseVector("SORT",ynsort);
     621          36 :   for (unsigned i=0; i<Nlist; i++) {
     622          24 :     if(ynsort[i]==0||CompDer) {
     623             :       dosort[i]=false;
     624             :     } else {
     625             :       dosort[i]=true;
     626             :     }
     627             :   }
     628             : 
     629             :   //build box vectors and correct for pbc
     630          12 :   log << "Building the box from PDB data ... \n";
     631          12 :   Tensor Box=mypdb.getBoxVec();
     632          12 :   log << "  Done! A,B,C vectors in Cartesian space:  \n";
     633          12 :   log.printf("  A:  %12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n", Box[0][0],Box[0][1],Box[0][2]);
     634          12 :   log.printf("  B:  %12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n", Box[1][0],Box[1][1],Box[1][2]);
     635          12 :   log.printf("  C:  %12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n", Box[2][0],Box[2][1],Box[2][2]);
     636          12 :   log << "Changing the PBC according to the new box \n";
     637          12 :   Pbc mypbc;
     638          12 :   mypbc.setBox(Box);
     639          12 :   log << "The box volume is " << mypbc.getBox().determinant() << " \n";
     640             : 
     641             :   //Compute scaling factor
     642          12 :   if(Svol) {
     643          12 :     Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/mypbc.getBox().determinant());
     644          12 :     log << "Scaling atom distances by  " << Fvol << " \n";
     645             :   } else {
     646           0 :     log << "Using unscaled atom distances \n";
     647             :   }
     648             : 
     649          12 :   r00.resize(Nlist);
     650          12 :   sw.resize(Nlist);
     651          36 :   for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     652          48 :     if( !parseNumbered( "SWITCH", j+1, sw[j] ) ) {
     653             :       break;
     654             :     }
     655             :   }
     656          12 :   if(CompDer) {
     657             :     // Set switching function parameters here only if computing derivatives
     658             :     //   now set at the beginning of the dynamics to solve the r0 issue
     659           6 :     log << "Switching Function Parameters \n";
     660           6 :     sfs.resize(Nlist);
     661             :     std::string errors;
     662          18 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     663          12 :       if(Svol) {
     664             :         double r0;
     665             :         std::string old_r0;
     666          12 :         vector<string> data=Tools::getWords(sw[j]);
     667             :         data.erase(data.begin());
     668          12 :         Tools::parse(data,"R_0",old_r0);
     669          12 :         Tools::convert(old_r0,r0);
     670          12 :         r0*=Fvol;
     671             :         std::string new_r0;
     672          12 :         Tools::convert(r0,new_r0);
     673          12 :         std::size_t pos = sw[j].find("R_0");
     674          12 :         sw[j].replace(pos+4,old_r0.size(),new_r0);
     675          12 :       }
     676          12 :       sfs[j].set(sw[j],errors);
     677             :       std::string num;
     678          12 :       Tools::convert(j+1, num);
     679          12 :       if( errors.length()!=0 ) {
     680           0 :         error("problem reading SWITCH" + num + " keyword : " + errors );
     681             :       }
     682          12 :       r00[j]=sfs[j].get_r0();
     683          12 :       log << "  Swf: " << j << "  r0=" << (sfs[j].description()).c_str() << " \n";
     684             :     }
     685             :   }
     686             : 
     687             :   // build COMs from positions if requested
     688          12 :   if(com) {
     689           0 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<compos.size(); j++) {
     690           0 :       compos[j][0]=0.;
     691           0 :       compos[j][1]=0.;
     692           0 :       compos[j][2]=0.;
     693           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     694           0 :         unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     695           0 :         compos[j]+=fmass[andx]*mypdb.getPositions()[andx];
     696             :       }
     697             :     }
     698             :   }
     699             :   // build the rPIV distances (transformation and sorting is done afterwards)
     700          12 :   if(CompDer) {
     701           6 :     log << "  PIV  |  block   |     Size      |     Zeros     |     Ones      |" << " \n";
     702             :   }
     703          36 :   for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     704    11516328 :     for(unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->size(); i++) {
     705    11516304 :       unsigned i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
     706    11516304 :       unsigned i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
     707             :       //calculate/get COM position of centers i0 and i1
     708    11516304 :       Vector Pos0,Pos1;
     709    11516304 :       if(com) {
     710             :         //if(pbc) makeWhole();
     711           0 :         Pos0=compos[i0];
     712           0 :         Pos1=compos[i1];
     713             :       } else {
     714    11516304 :         Pos0=mypdb.getPositions()[i0];
     715    11516304 :         Pos1=mypdb.getPositions()[i1];
     716             :       }
     717    11516304 :       Vector ddist;
     718    11516304 :       if(pbc) {
     719    11516304 :         ddist=mypbc.distance(Pos0,Pos1);
     720             :       } else {
     721           0 :         ddist=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
     722             :       }
     723    11516304 :       double df=0.;
     724             :       // Transformation and sorting done at the first timestep to solve the r0 definition issue
     725    11516304 :       if(CompDer) {
     726        1104 :         rPIV[j].push_back(sfs[j].calculate(ddist.modulo()*Fvol, df));
     727             :       } else {
     728    11515200 :         rPIV[j].push_back(ddist.modulo()*Fvol);
     729             :       }
     730             :     }
     731          24 :     if(CompDer) {
     732          12 :       if(dosort[j]) {
     733           0 :         std::sort(rPIV[j].begin(),rPIV[j].end());
     734             :       }
     735             :       int lmt0=0;
     736             :       int lmt1=0;
     737        1116 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<rPIV[j].size(); i++) {
     738        1104 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==0) {
     739           0 :           lmt0+=1;
     740             :         }
     741        1104 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==1) {
     742           0 :           lmt1+=1;
     743             :         }
     744             :       }
     745          12 :       log.printf("       |%10i|%15zu|%15i|%15i|\n", j, rPIV[j].size(), lmt0, lmt1);
     746             :     }
     747             :   }
     748             : 
     749          12 :   checkRead();
     750             :   // From the plumed manual on how to build-up a new Colvar
     751          12 :   addValueWithDerivatives();
     752          12 :   requestAtoms(nlall->getFullAtomList());
     753          12 :   setNotPeriodic();
     754             :   // getValue()->setPeridodicity(false);
     755             :   // set size of derivative vector
     756          12 :   m_deriv.resize(getNumberOfAtoms());
     757          12 : }
     758             : 
     759         327 : void PIV::calculate() {
     760             : 
     761             :   // Local variables
     762             : 
     763         327 :   if(sharedData_unique) {
     764             :     // This is executed by the first PIV instance.
     765             :     // We initialize variables with the correct Nlist.
     766         321 :     sharedData_unique->prev_pos.resize(Nlist);
     767         321 :     sharedData_unique->cPIV.resize(Nlist);
     768         321 :     sharedData_unique->Atom0.resize(Nlist);
     769         321 :     sharedData_unique->Atom1.resize(Nlist);
     770             :   }
     771             : 
     772             :   // create references to minimize the impact of the code below
     773         327 :   auto & prev_stp(sharedData->prev_stp);
     774             :   auto & init_stp(sharedData->init_stp);
     775             :   auto & prev_pos(sharedData->prev_pos);
     776             :   auto & cPIV(sharedData->cPIV);
     777             :   auto & Atom0(sharedData->Atom0);
     778             :   auto & Atom1(sharedData->Atom1);
     779             : 
     780         327 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > A0(Nprec);
     781         327 :   std:: vector<std:: vector<int> > A1(Nprec);
     782             :   size_t stride=1;
     783             :   unsigned rank=0;
     784             : 
     785         327 :   if(!serial) {
     786         327 :     stride=comm.Get_size();
     787         327 :     rank=comm.Get_rank();
     788             :   } else {
     789             :     stride=1;
     790             :     rank=0;
     791             :   }
     792             : 
     793             :   // Transform (and sort) the rPIV before starting the dynamics
     794         327 :   if (((prev_stp==-1) || (init_stp==1)) &&!CompDer) {
     795           6 :     if(prev_stp!=-1) {
     796           3 :       init_stp=0;
     797             :     }
     798             :     // Calculate the volume scaling factor
     799           6 :     if(Svol) {
     800           6 :       Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/getBox().determinant());
     801             :     }
     802             :     //Set switching function parameters
     803           6 :     log << "\n";
     804           6 :     log << "REFERENCE PDB # " << prev_stp+2 << " \n";
     805             :     // Set switching function parameters here only if computing derivatives
     806             :     //   now set at the beginning of the dynamics to solve the r0 issue
     807           6 :     log << "Switching Function Parameters \n";
     808           6 :     sfs.resize(Nlist);
     809             :     std::string errors;
     810          18 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     811          12 :       if(Svol) {
     812             :         double r0;
     813             :         std::string old_r0;
     814          12 :         vector<string> data=Tools::getWords(sw[j]);
     815             :         data.erase(data.begin());
     816          12 :         Tools::parse(data,"R_0",old_r0);
     817          12 :         Tools::convert(old_r0,r0);
     818          12 :         r0*=Fvol;
     819             :         std::string new_r0;
     820          12 :         Tools::convert(r0,new_r0);
     821          12 :         std::size_t pos = sw[j].find("R_0");
     822          12 :         sw[j].replace(pos+4,old_r0.size(),new_r0);
     823          12 :       }
     824          12 :       sfs[j].set(sw[j],errors);
     825             :       std::string num;
     826          12 :       Tools::convert(j+1, num);
     827          12 :       if( errors.length()!=0 ) {
     828           0 :         error("problem reading SWITCH" + num + " keyword : " + errors );
     829             :       }
     830          12 :       r00[j]=sfs[j].get_r0();
     831          12 :       log << "  Swf: " << j << "  r0=" << (sfs[j].description()).c_str() << " \n";
     832             :     }
     833             :     //Transform and sort
     834           6 :     log << "Building Reference PIV Vector \n";
     835           6 :     log << "  PIV  |  block   |     Size      |     Zeros     |     Ones      |" << " \n";
     836           6 :     double df=0.;
     837          18 :     for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     838    11515212 :       for (unsigned i=0; i<rPIV[j].size(); i++) {
     839    11515200 :         rPIV[j][i]=sfs[j].calculate(rPIV[j][i], df);
     840             :       }
     841          12 :       if(dosort[j]) {
     842          12 :         std::sort(rPIV[j].begin(),rPIV[j].end());
     843             :       }
     844             :       int lmt0=0;
     845             :       int lmt1=0;
     846    11515212 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<rPIV[j].size(); i++) {
     847    11515200 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==0) {
     848          26 :           lmt0+=1;
     849             :         }
     850    11515200 :         if(int(rPIV[j][i]*double(Nprec-1))==1) {
     851       63358 :           lmt1+=1;
     852             :         }
     853             :       }
     854          12 :       log.printf("       |%10i|%15zu|%15i|%15i|\n", j, rPIV[j].size(), lmt0, lmt1);
     855             :     }
     856           6 :     log << "\n";
     857             :   }
     858             :   // Do the sorting only once per timestep to avoid building the PIV N times for N rPIV PDB structures!
     859         327 :   if ((getStep()>prev_stp&&getStep()%updatePIV==0)||CompDer) {
     860         324 :     if (CompDer) {
     861         321 :       log << " Step " << getStep() << "  Computing Derivatives NON-SORTED PIV \n";
     862             :     }
     863             :     //
     864             :     // build COMs from positions if requested
     865         324 :     if(com) {
     866           0 :       if(pbc) {
     867           0 :         makeWhole();
     868             :       }
     869           0 :       for(unsigned j=0; j<compos.size(); j++) {
     870           0 :         compos[j][0]=0.;
     871           0 :         compos[j][1]=0.;
     872           0 :         compos[j][2]=0.;
     873           0 :         for(unsigned i=0; i<nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     874           0 :           unsigned andx=nlcom[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index();
     875           0 :           compos[j]+=fmass[andx]*getPosition(andx);
     876             :         }
     877             :       }
     878             :     }
     879             :     // update neighbor lists when an atom moves out of the Neighbor list skin
     880         324 :     if (doneigh) {
     881             :       bool doupdate=false;
     882             :       // For the first step build previous positions = actual positions
     883         324 :       if (prev_stp==-1) {
     884           6 :         bool docom=com;
     885          18 :         for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     886        9708 :           for (unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     887        9696 :             Vector Pos;
     888        9696 :             if(docom) {
     889           0 :               Pos=compos[i];
     890             :             } else {
     891        9696 :               Pos=getPosition(nl[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index());
     892             :             }
     893        9696 :             prev_pos[j].push_back(Pos);
     894             :           }
     895             :         }
     896             :         doupdate=true;
     897             :       }
     898             :       // Decide whether to update lists based on atom displacement, every stride
     899         324 :       std:: vector<std:: vector<Vector> > tmp_pos(Nlist);
     900         324 :       if (getStep() % nlall->getStride() ==0) {
     901         324 :         bool docom=com;
     902         972 :         for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     903       20520 :           for (unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     904       19872 :             Vector Pos;
     905       19872 :             if(docom) {
     906           0 :               Pos=compos[i];
     907             :             } else {
     908       19872 :               Pos=getPosition(nl[j]->getFullAtomList()[i].index());
     909             :             }
     910       19872 :             tmp_pos[j].push_back(Pos);
     911       19872 :             if (pbcDistance(tmp_pos[j][i],prev_pos[j][i]).modulo()>=nl_skin[j]) {
     912             :               doupdate=true;
     913             :             }
     914             :           }
     915             :         }
     916             :       }
     917             :       // Update Nlists if needed
     918         324 :       if (doupdate==true) {
     919          18 :         for (unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     920        9708 :           for (unsigned i=0; i<nl[j]->getFullAtomList().size(); i++) {
     921        9696 :             prev_pos[j][i]=tmp_pos[j][i];
     922             :           }
     923          12 :           nl[j]->update(prev_pos[j]);
     924          12 :           log << " Step " << getStep() << "  Neighbour lists updated " << nl[j]->size() << " \n";
     925             :         }
     926             :       }
     927         324 :     }
     928             :     // Calculate the volume scaling factor
     929         324 :     if(Svol) {
     930         324 :       Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/getBox().determinant());
     931             :     }
     932         324 :     Vector ddist;
     933             :     // Global to local variables
     934         324 :     bool doserial=serial;
     935             :     // Build "Nlist" PIV blocks
     936         972 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
     937         648 :       if(dosort[j]) {
     938             :         // from global to local variables to speedup the for loop with if statements
     939           6 :         bool docom=com;
     940           6 :         bool dopbc=pbc;
     941             :         // Vectors collecting occupancies: OrdVec one rank, OrdVecAll all ranks
     942           6 :         std:: vector<int> OrdVec(Nprec,0);
     943           6 :         cPIV[j].resize(0);
     944           6 :         Atom0[j].resize(0);
     945           6 :         Atom1[j].resize(0);
     946             :         // Building distances for the PIV vector at time t
     947           6 :         if(timer) {
     948           6 :           stopwatch.start("1 Build cPIV");
     949             :         }
     950     5757606 :         for(unsigned i=rank; i<nl[j]->size(); i+=stride) {
     951     5757600 :           unsigned i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
     952     5757600 :           unsigned i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
     953     5757600 :           Vector Pos0,Pos1;
     954     5757600 :           if(docom) {
     955           0 :             Pos0=compos[i0];
     956           0 :             Pos1=compos[i1];
     957             :           } else {
     958     5757600 :             Pos0=getPosition(i0);
     959     5757600 :             Pos1=getPosition(i1);
     960             :           }
     961     5757600 :           if(dopbc) {
     962     5757600 :             ddist=pbcDistance(Pos0,Pos1);
     963             :           } else {
     964           0 :             ddist=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
     965             :           }
     966     5757600 :           double df=0.;
     967             :           //Integer sorting ... faster!
     968             :           //Transforming distances with the Switching function + real to integer transformation
     969     5757600 :           int Vint=int(sfs[j].calculate(ddist.modulo()*Fvol, df)*double(Nprec-1)+0.5);
     970             :           //Integer transformed distance values as index of the Ordering Vector OrdVec
     971     5757600 :           OrdVec[Vint]+=1;
     972             :           //Keeps track of atom indices for force and virial calculations
     973     5757600 :           A0[Vint].push_back(i0);
     974     5757600 :           A1[Vint].push_back(i1);
     975             :         }
     976           6 :         if(timer) {
     977           6 :           stopwatch.stop("1 Build cPIV");
     978             :         }
     979           6 :         if(timer) {
     980           6 :           stopwatch.start("2 Sort cPIV");
     981             :         }
     982           6 :         if(!doserial && comm.initialized()) {
     983             :           // Vectors keeping track of the dimension and the starting-position of the rank-specific pair vector in the big pair vector.
     984           0 :           std:: vector<int> Vdim(stride,0);
     985           0 :           std:: vector<int> Vpos(stride,0);
     986             :           // Vectors collecting occupancies: OrdVec one rank, OrdVecAll all ranks
     987           0 :           std:: vector<int> OrdVecAll(stride*Nprec);
     988             :           // Big vectors containing all Atom indexes for every occupancy (Atom0O(Nprec,n) and Atom1O(Nprec,n) matrices in one vector)
     989             :           std:: vector<int> Atom0F;
     990             :           std:: vector<int> Atom1F;
     991             :           // Vector used to reconstruct arrays
     992           0 :           std:: vector<unsigned> k(stride,0);
     993             :           // Zeros might be many, this slows down a lot due to MPI communication
     994             :           // Avoid passing the zeros (i=1) for atom indices
     995           0 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<Nprec; i++) {
     996             :             // Building long vectors with all atom indexes for occupancies ordered from i=1 to i=Nprec-1
     997             :             // Can this be avoided ???
     998           0 :             Atom0F.insert(Atom0F.end(),A0[i].begin(),A0[i].end());
     999           0 :             Atom1F.insert(Atom1F.end(),A1[i].begin(),A1[i].end());
    1000           0 :             A0[i].resize(0);
    1001           0 :             A1[i].resize(0);
    1002             :           }
    1003             :           // Resize partial arrays to fill up for the next PIV block
    1004           0 :           A0[0].resize(0);
    1005           0 :           A1[0].resize(0);
    1006           0 :           A0[Nprec-1].resize(0);
    1007           0 :           A1[Nprec-1].resize(0);
    1008             :           // Avoid passing the zeros (i=1) for atom indices
    1009           0 :           OrdVec[0]=0;
    1010           0 :           OrdVec[Nprec-1]=0;
    1011             : 
    1012             :           // Wait for all ranks before communication of Vectors
    1013           0 :           comm.Barrier();
    1014             : 
    1015             :           // pass the array sizes before passing the arrays
    1016           0 :           int dim=Atom0F.size();
    1017             :           // Vdim and Vpos keep track of the dimension and the starting-position of the rank-specific pair vector in the big pair vector.
    1018           0 :           comm.Allgather(&dim,1,&Vdim[0],1);
    1019             : 
    1020             :           // TO BE IMPROVED: the following may be done by the rank 0 (now every rank does it)
    1021             :           int Fdim=0;
    1022           0 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<stride; i++) {
    1023           0 :             Vpos[i]=Vpos[i-1]+Vdim[i-1];
    1024           0 :             Fdim+=Vdim[i];
    1025             :           }
    1026           0 :           Fdim+=Vdim[0];
    1027             :           // build big vectors for atom pairs on all ranks for all ranks
    1028           0 :           std:: vector<int> Atom0FAll(Fdim);
    1029           0 :           std:: vector<int> Atom1FAll(Fdim);
    1030             :           // TO BE IMPROVED: Allgathers may be substituted by gathers by proc 0
    1031             :           //   Moreover vectors are gathered head-to-tail and assembled later-on in a serial step.
    1032             :           // Gather the full Ordering Vector (occupancies). This is what we need to build the PIV
    1033           0 :           comm.Allgather(&OrdVec[0],Nprec,&OrdVecAll[0],Nprec);
    1034             :           // Gather the vectors of atom pairs to keep track of the idexes for the forces
    1035           0 :           comm.Allgatherv(Atom0F.data(),Atom0F.size(),&Atom0FAll[0],&Vdim[0],&Vpos[0]);
    1036           0 :           comm.Allgatherv(Atom1F.data(),Atom1F.size(),&Atom1FAll[0],&Vdim[0],&Vpos[0]);
    1037             : 
    1038             :           // Reconstruct the full vectors from collections of Allgathered parts (this is a serial step)
    1039             :           // This is the tricky serial step, to assemble together PIV and atom-pair info from head-tail big vectors
    1040             :           // Loop before on l and then on i would be better but the allgather should be modified
    1041             :           // Loop on blocks
    1042             :           //for(unsigned m=0;m<Nlist;m++) {
    1043             :           // Loop on Ordering Vector size excluding zeros (i=1)
    1044           0 :           if(timer) {
    1045           0 :             stopwatch.stop("2 Sort cPIV");
    1046             :           }
    1047           0 :           if(timer) {
    1048           0 :             stopwatch.start("3 Reconstruct cPIV");
    1049             :           }
    1050           0 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<Nprec; i++) {
    1051             :             // Loop on the ranks
    1052           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<stride; l++) {
    1053             :               // Loop on the number of head-to-tail pieces
    1054           0 :               for(unsigned m=0; m<OrdVecAll[i+l*Nprec]; m++) {
    1055             :                 // cPIV is the current PIV at time t
    1056           0 :                 cPIV[j].push_back(double(i)/double(Nprec-1));
    1057           0 :                 Atom0[j].push_back(Atom0FAll[k[l]+Vpos[l]]);
    1058           0 :                 Atom1[j].push_back(Atom1FAll[k[l]+Vpos[l]]);
    1059           0 :                 k[l]+=1;
    1060             :               }
    1061             :             }
    1062             :           }
    1063           0 :           if(timer) {
    1064           0 :             stopwatch.stop("3 Reconstruct cPIV");
    1065             :           }
    1066             :         } else {
    1067     6000000 :           for(unsigned i=1; i<Nprec; i++) {
    1068    11757594 :             for(unsigned m=0; m<OrdVec[i]; m++) {
    1069     5757600 :               cPIV[j].push_back(double(i)/double(Nprec-1));
    1070     5757600 :               Atom0[j].push_back(A0[i][m]);
    1071     5757600 :               Atom1[j].push_back(A1[i][m]);
    1072             :             }
    1073             :           }
    1074             :         }
    1075             :       }
    1076             :     }
    1077             :   }
    1078         327 :   Vector distance;
    1079         327 :   double dfunc=0.;
    1080             :   // Calculate volume scaling factor
    1081         327 :   if(Svol) {
    1082         327 :     Fvol=cbrt(Vol0/getBox().determinant());
    1083             :   }
    1084             : 
    1085             :   // This test may be run by specifying the TEST keyword as input, it pritnts rPIV and cPIV and quits
    1086         327 :   if(test) {
    1087             :     unsigned limit=0;
    1088           0 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
    1089           0 :       if(dosort[j]) {
    1090           0 :         limit = cPIV[j].size();
    1091             :       } else {
    1092           0 :         limit = rPIV[j].size();
    1093             :       }
    1094           0 :       log.printf("PIV Block:  %6i %12s %6i \n", j, "      Size:", limit);
    1095           0 :       log.printf("%6s%6s%12s%12s%36s\n","     i","     j", "    c-PIV   ","    r-PIV   ","   i-j distance vector       ");
    1096           0 :       for(unsigned i=0; i<limit; i++) {
    1097             :         unsigned i0=0;
    1098             :         unsigned i1=0;
    1099           0 :         if(dosort[j]) {
    1100           0 :           i0=Atom0[j][i];
    1101           0 :           i1=Atom1[j][i];
    1102             :         } else {
    1103           0 :           i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
    1104           0 :           i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
    1105             :         }
    1106           0 :         Vector Pos0,Pos1;
    1107           0 :         if(com) {
    1108           0 :           Pos0=compos[i0];
    1109           0 :           Pos1=compos[i1];
    1110             :         } else {
    1111           0 :           Pos0=getPosition(i0);
    1112           0 :           Pos1=getPosition(i1);
    1113             :         }
    1114           0 :         if(pbc) {
    1115           0 :           distance=pbcDistance(Pos0,Pos1);
    1116             :         } else {
    1117           0 :           distance=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
    1118             :         }
    1119           0 :         dfunc=0.;
    1120             :         double cP,rP;
    1121           0 :         if(dosort[j]) {
    1122           0 :           cP = cPIV[j][i];
    1123           0 :           rP = rPIV[j][rPIV[j].size()-cPIV[j].size()+i];
    1124             :         } else {
    1125           0 :           double dm=distance.modulo();
    1126           0 :           cP = sfs[j].calculate(dm*Fvol, dfunc);
    1127           0 :           rP = rPIV[j][i];
    1128             :         }
    1129           0 :         log.printf("%6i%6i%12.6f%12.6f%12.6f%12.6f%12.6f\n",i0,i1,cP,rP,distance[0],distance[1],distance[2]);
    1130             :       }
    1131             :     }
    1132           0 :     log.printf("This was a test, now exit \n");
    1133           0 :     exit();
    1134             :   }
    1135             : 
    1136         327 :   if(timer) {
    1137           2 :     stopwatch.start("4 Build For Derivatives");
    1138             :   }
    1139             :   // non-global variables Nder and Scalevol defined to speedup if structures in cycles
    1140         327 :   bool Nder=CompDer;
    1141         327 :   bool Scalevol=Svol;
    1142         327 :   if(getStep()%updatePIV==0) {
    1143             :     // set to zero PIVdistance, derivatives and virial when they are calculated
    1144       29799 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<m_deriv.size(); j++) {
    1145      117888 :       for(unsigned k=0; k<3; k++) {
    1146       88416 :         m_deriv[j][k]=0.;
    1147             :       }
    1148             :     }
    1149        1308 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<3; j++) {
    1150        3924 :       for(unsigned k=0; k<3; k++) {
    1151        2943 :         m_virial[j][k]=0.;
    1152             :       }
    1153             :     }
    1154         327 :     m_PIVdistance=0.;
    1155             :     // Re-compute atomic distances for derivatives and compute PIV-PIV distance
    1156         981 :     for(unsigned j=0; j<Nlist; j++) {
    1157             :       unsigned limit=0;
    1158             :       // dosorting definition is to speedup if structure in cycles with non-global variables
    1159         654 :       bool dosorting=dosort[j];
    1160         654 :       bool docom=com;
    1161         654 :       bool dopbc=pbc;
    1162         654 :       if(dosorting) {
    1163          12 :         limit = cPIV[j].size();
    1164             :       } else {
    1165         642 :         limit = rPIV[j].size();
    1166             :       }
    1167    11574918 :       for(unsigned i=rank; i<limit; i+=stride) {
    1168             :         unsigned i0=0;
    1169             :         unsigned i1=0;
    1170    11574264 :         if(dosorting) {
    1171    11515200 :           i0=Atom0[j][i];
    1172    11515200 :           i1=Atom1[j][i];
    1173             :         } else {
    1174       59064 :           i0=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).first).index();
    1175       59064 :           i1=(nl[j]->getClosePairAtomNumber(i).second).index();
    1176             :         }
    1177    11574264 :         Vector Pos0,Pos1;
    1178    11574264 :         if(docom) {
    1179           0 :           Pos0=compos[i0];
    1180           0 :           Pos1=compos[i1];
    1181             :         } else {
    1182    11574264 :           Pos0=getPosition(i0);
    1183    11574264 :           Pos1=getPosition(i1);
    1184             :         }
    1185    11574264 :         if(dopbc) {
    1186    11574264 :           distance=pbcDistance(Pos0,Pos1);
    1187             :         } else {
    1188           0 :           distance=delta(Pos0,Pos1);
    1189             :         }
    1190    11574264 :         dfunc=0.;
    1191             :         // this is needed for dfunc and dervatives
    1192    11574264 :         double dm=distance.modulo();
    1193    11574264 :         double tPIV = sfs[j].calculate(dm*Fvol, dfunc);
    1194             :         // PIV distance
    1195             :         double coord=0.;
    1196    11574264 :         if(!dosorting||Nder) {
    1197       59064 :           coord = tPIV - rPIV[j][i];
    1198             :         } else {
    1199    11515200 :           coord = cPIV[j][i] - rPIV[j][rPIV[j].size()-cPIV[j].size()+i];
    1200             :         }
    1201             :         // Calculate derivatives, virial, and variable=sum_j (scaling[j] *(cPIV-rPIV)_j^2)
    1202             :         // WARNING: dfunc=dswf/(Fvol*dm)  (this may change in future Plumed versions)
    1203    11574264 :         double tmp = 2.*scaling[j]*coord*Fvol*Fvol*dfunc;
    1204    11574264 :         Vector tmpder = tmp*distance;
    1205             :         // 0.5*(x_i-x_k)*f_ik         (force on atom k due to atom i)
    1206    11574264 :         if(docom) {
    1207           0 :           Vector dist;
    1208           0 :           for(unsigned k=0; k<nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList().size(); k++) {
    1209           0 :             unsigned x0=nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList()[k].index();
    1210           0 :             m_deriv[x0] -= tmpder*fmass[x0];
    1211           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<3; l++) {
    1212           0 :               dist[l]=0.;
    1213             :             }
    1214           0 :             Vector P0=getPosition(x0);
    1215           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1216           0 :               unsigned x1=nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1217           0 :               Vector P1=getPosition(x1);
    1218           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1219           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P0,P1);
    1220             :               } else {
    1221           0 :                 dist+=delta(P0,P1);
    1222             :               }
    1223             :             }
    1224           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1225           0 :               unsigned x1=nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1226           0 :               Vector P1=getPosition(x1);
    1227           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1228           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P0,P1);
    1229             :               } else {
    1230           0 :                 dist+=delta(P0,P1);
    1231             :               }
    1232             :             }
    1233           0 :             m_virial    -= 0.25*fmass[x0]*Tensor(dist,tmpder);
    1234             :           }
    1235           0 :           for(unsigned k=0; k<nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList().size(); k++) {
    1236           0 :             unsigned x1=nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList()[k].index();
    1237           0 :             m_deriv[x1] += tmpder*fmass[x1];
    1238           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<3; l++) {
    1239           0 :               dist[l]=0.;
    1240             :             }
    1241           0 :             Vector P1=getPosition(x1);
    1242           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1243           0 :               unsigned x0=nlcom[i1]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1244           0 :               Vector P0=getPosition(x0);
    1245           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1246           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P1,P0);
    1247             :               } else {
    1248           0 :                 dist+=delta(P1,P0);
    1249             :               }
    1250             :             }
    1251           0 :             for(unsigned l=0; l<nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList().size(); l++) {
    1252           0 :               unsigned x0=nlcom[i0]->getFullAtomList()[l].index();
    1253           0 :               Vector P0=getPosition(x0);
    1254           0 :               if(dopbc) {
    1255           0 :                 dist+=pbcDistance(P1,P0);
    1256             :               } else {
    1257           0 :                 dist+=delta(P1,P0);
    1258             :               }
    1259             :             }
    1260           0 :             m_virial    += 0.25*fmass[x1]*Tensor(dist,tmpder);
    1261             :           }
    1262             :         } else {
    1263    11574264 :           m_deriv[i0] -= tmpder;
    1264    11574264 :           m_deriv[i1] += tmpder;
    1265    11574264 :           m_virial    -= tmp*Tensor(distance,distance);
    1266             :         }
    1267    11574264 :         if(Scalevol) {
    1268    11574264 :           m_virial+=1./3.*tmp*dm*dm*Tensor::identity();
    1269             :         }
    1270    11574264 :         m_PIVdistance    += scaling[j]*coord*coord;
    1271             :       }
    1272             :     }
    1273             : 
    1274         327 :     if (!serial && comm.initialized()) {
    1275           0 :       comm.Barrier();
    1276           0 :       comm.Sum(&m_PIVdistance,1);
    1277           0 :       if(!m_deriv.empty()) {
    1278           0 :         comm.Sum(&m_deriv[0][0],3*m_deriv.size());
    1279             :       }
    1280           0 :       comm.Sum(&m_virial[0][0],9);
    1281             :     }
    1282             :   }
    1283         327 :   prev_stp=getStep();
    1284             : 
    1285             :   //Timing
    1286         327 :   if(timer) {
    1287           2 :     stopwatch.stop("4 Build For Derivatives");
    1288             :   }
    1289         327 :   if(timer) {
    1290           1 :     log.printf("Timings for action %s with label %s \n", getName().c_str(), getLabel().c_str() );
    1291           1 :     log<<stopwatch;
    1292             :   }
    1293             : 
    1294             :   // Update derivatives, virial, and variable (PIV-distance^2)
    1295       29799 :   for(unsigned i=0; i<m_deriv.size(); ++i) {
    1296       29472 :     setAtomsDerivatives(i,m_deriv[i]);
    1297             :   }
    1298         327 :   setValue           (m_PIVdistance);
    1299         327 :   setBoxDerivatives  (m_virial);
    1300         327 : }
    1301             : //Close Namespaces at the very beginning
    1302             : }
    1303             : }
    1304             : 

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